Background. Polypropylene implants (PPI) are widely used for chest and abdominal wall reconstruction and may serve as an inexpensive material for the reconstruction of small- and medium-sized skull defects. However, their use may be associated with inflammatory reactions. Tantalum-based coatings may improve the tissue response to PPI. Aim. To evaluate the effects of tantalum-based coatings on Ki-67 expression and vascularization of granulation tissue surrounding PPI. Methods. Forty male WAG rats (5–6 months, 220 ± 20 g) were randomly divided into six groups: intact control (n = 6), surgery without implantation (n = 6), and PPI coated with tantalum (Ta, n = 7), tantalum pentoxide (Ta₂O₅, n = 7), tantalum nitride (TaN, n = 7), or uncoated PPI (n = 7). The experiment lasted 28 days. Ta, Ta₂O₅, and TaN coatings were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering in a vacuum chamber. Granulation tissue was evaluated histologically and immunohistochemically using antibodies against Ki-67 (clone SP6) and CD34 (clone QB-End/10). Ki-67-positive cells were counted, while vascularization was quantified as the number of CD34-positive vessels per ×100 microscopic field. Results. Ta- and Ta₂O₅-coated PPI induced formation of mature granulation tissue, whereas immature granulation tissue predominated around TaN-coated and uncoated PPI. Granulation tissue thickness was 1532.924 [1466.473;1621.25] μm for Ta, 1496.35 [1447.758;1522.85] μm for Ta₂O₅, 1003.749 [887.535;1041.892] μm for TaN, and 956.67 [899.52;1012.158] μm for uncoated PPI. The numbers of CD34-positive vessels were 16 [14;17], 16 [15;18], 9 [8;12], and 9 [8;10], respectively, and Ki-67-positive cells were 47 [46;54], 46 [45;55], 37 [33;40], and 36 [29;40], respectively. Ta and Ta₂O₅ groups had greater granulation tissue thickness, vascularization, and Ki-67-positive cell counts than the uncoated PPI group (p < 0.05), whereas TaN did not differ significantly from uncoated PPI (p > 0.05). Conclusions. Ta and Ta₂O₅ coatings enhance proliferative activity, vascularization, and morphological maturation of granulation tissue surrounding PPI. TaN coating did not significantly improve these parameters compared with uncoated PPI after 28 days.